Distinguishing Cis and Trans Regulation: A Focus on miRNAs

Cis-regulation vs Trans-regulation (in gene expression):

Feature | Cis-regulation | Trans-regulation | :------------ | :------------ | :------------ | :------------ | | Location | Regulator is on the same DNA molecule, near the target gene | Regulator is on a different molecule, often a diffusible factor (like a protein or RNA) Examples | Promoters, enhancers, silencers (DNA elements) | Transcription factors, miRNAs, long non-coding RNAs

❓ So, is miRNA cis or trans?

✅ miRNAs (microRNAs) are trans-regulators.

They are transcribed from their own genes and act on other target mRNAs, usually by base-pairing with complementary sequences in the 3' UTR.

Since they do not regulate genes at their own locus, but instead move to regulate other transcripts, they clearly function in trans.

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